windows编程介绍、windows 库和头文件介绍
exe文件：.exe,可执行文件
静态库文件：*.lib,调用时,源代码嵌入到调用位置
动态库文件：*.dll,调用时,函数地址被传入
--写编译软件,要懂编译原理.
windows 库和头文件
kernel32.dll-提供了核心的API，例如进程、线程、内存管理等
user32.dll-提供了窗口消息等API
gdi32.dll-绘图相关的API
windows.h-所有windows头文件的集合
windef.h-windows数据类型
winbase.h-kernel32的API
wingdi.h-gdi32的API
winuser.h-user32的API
winnt.h-UNICODE字符集支持
命令行编译：
cl.exe /c *.cpp -编译成*.obj 文件
手写.rc文件,格式：100 ICON *.ico
rc.exe *.rc (将资源编译成.res文件)
link.exe *.obj *.res user32.lib -链接成*.exe文件
makefile 文件编译，可以进行依赖，先编译依赖项
1、编辑：***.mak，写入内容示例：
main:clean
cl.exe /c ***.cpp
rc.exe ***.rc
link.exe ***.obj ***.res user32.lib
clean:
del * obj
del *.res
del *.exe
2、执行***.mak进行编译链接：
nmake ***.mak
3、执行删除中间文件命令
nmake /f ***.mak clean
编写窗口程序步骤：
1、定义WinMain函数
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
g_hinstance=hInstance;
// TODO: Place code here.
if(Register("main",WinProc)==0)
{
MessageBox(NULL,"注册失败","提示",MB_OK);
return 0;
}
HWND hwnd= CreateMain("main","pro1");
Display(hwnd);
MSGdeal();
return 0;
}
2、定义窗口处理函数 WindowProc
LRESULT CALLBACK WinProc(HWND hwnd,UINT msg,WPARAM wparam,LPARAM lparam)
{
switch(msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd,msg,wparam,lparam);
}
3、注册窗口类 RegisterClass
BOOL Register(LPSTR lpClassName,WNDPROC wndproc)
{
WNDCLASSEX wce={0};
wce.cbSize=sizeof(wce);
wce.cbClsExtra=0;
wce.cbWndExtra=0;
wce.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wce.hCursor=NULL;
wce.hIcon=NULL;
wce.hIconSm=NULL;
wce.hInstance=g_hinstance;
wce.lpfnWndProc=wndproc;
wce.lpszClassName=lpClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName=NULL;
wce.style=CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM atom= RegisterClassEx(&wce);
if(atom==0){
MessageBox(NULL,"注册失败","info",MB_OK);
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
4、创建窗口 CreateWindow
HWND CreateMain(LPSTR lpClassName,LPSTR lpWndName)
{
HWND hwnd=CreateWindowEx(0,lpClassName,lpWndName,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,NULL,NULL,g_hinstance,NULL);
return hwnd;
}
5、显示窗口 ShowWindow/UpdateWindow
void Display(HWND hwnd)
{
ShowWindow(hwnd,SW_SHOW);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
}
6、消息循环 GetMessage/TranslateMessage/DispatchMessage
void MSGdeal()
{
MSG msg={0};
//GetMessage 第二个参数为句柄，限制获取消息的范围，为空则不限制
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)){
TranslateMessage(&msg);//翻译消息
DispatchMessage(&msg);//派发给 WinProc 处理消息
}
}
7、消息处理，在WinProc 中switch-case 处理不同消息
代码示例：
新建-工程-选择“win32 application”-输入 工程名-选择“一个简单的win32程序” -点击“完成”
修改主要CPP文件：
// win32app.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
HINSTANCE g_hinstance=0;//全局句柄
HANDLE g_houtput=0;
void OnCreate(HWND hwnd,LPARAM lparam)
{
// CREATESTRUCT *pcs=(CREATESTRUCT*)lparam;
// char * txt=(char *)pcs->lpCreateParams;
// MessageBox(NULL,txt,"info",MB_OK);
// char txt[200]={0};
// ScreenToClient(hwnd,&pt);
// sprintf(txt,"%d,%d ; %d,%d,%d,%d
",pt.x,pt.y,rc.top,rc.left,rc.right,rc.bottom);
//
// WriteConsole(g_houtput,txt,strlen(txt),NULL,NULL);
}
void oncommand(HWND hwnd,WPARAM wparam,LPARAM lparam)
{
UINT id=LOWORD(wparam);
int result=0;
HWND dlg=0;
switch(id)
{
case 0:
break;
}
}
//回调函数
LRESULT CALLBACK WinProc(HWND hwnd,UINT msg,WPARAM wparam,LPARAM lparam)
{
switch(msg)
{
case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
if(wparam==SC_CLOSE){
/*
int ret=MessageBox(NULL,"是否退出","info",MB_YESNO);
if(ret==IDYES){
//下面代码会自动关闭和销毁
//PostQuitMessage(0);
}
else return 0;//不执行下面代码
*/
}
break;
//在创建窗口之后还未显示的时候
case WM_CREATE:
OnCreate(hwnd,lparam);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
oncommand(hwnd,wparam,lparam);
break;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd,msg,wparam,lparam);
}
//注册窗口类
BOOL Register(LPSTR lpClassName,WNDPROC wndproc)
{
WNDCLASSEX wce={0};
wce.cbSize=sizeof(wce);
wce.cbClsExtra=200;
wce.cbWndExtra=200;
wce.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wce.hCursor=NULL;
wce.hIcon=NULL;
wce.hIconSm=NULL;
wce.hInstance=g_hinstance;
wce.lpfnWndProc=wndproc;
wce.lpszClassName=lpClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName=NULL;
wce.style=CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM atom= RegisterClassEx(&wce);
if(atom==0){
MessageBox(NULL,"注册失败","info",MB_OK);
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
//创建窗口
HWND CreateMain(LPSTR lpClassName,LPSTR lpWndName)
{
HWND hwnd=CreateWindowEx(0,lpClassName,lpWndName,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,NULL,NULL,g_hinstance,"hello create");
return hwnd;
}
//创建子窗口
HWND CreateChild(HWND phwnd,LPSTR lpClassName,LPSTR lpWndName)
{
if(Register(lpClassName,DefWindowProc)==0)
{
MessageBox(phwnd,"创建子窗口失败","info",MB_OK);
return NULL;
}
//子窗口风格，都要 WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE
HWND hwnd=CreateWindowEx(0,lpClassName,lpWndName,WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
200,200,phwnd,NULL,g_hinstance,NULL);
return hwnd;
}
//显示窗口
void Display(HWND hwnd)
{
ShowWindow(hwnd,SW_SHOW);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
}
//处理消息
void MSGdeal()
{
MSG msg={0};
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)){
TranslateMessage(&msg);//翻译消息
DispatchMessage(&msg);//派发给 WinProc 处理消息
}
}
void SetExtra(HWND hwnd)
{
SetClassLong(hwnd,0,301);
SetWindowLong(hwnd,0,401);
}
void GetExtra(HWND hwnd)
{
long nc= GetClassLong(hwnd,0);
long nw=GetWindowLong(hwnd,0);
char txt[200]={0};
sprintf(txt,"%d,%d",nc,nw);
MessageBox(NULL,txt,"info",MB_OK);
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
AllocConsole();//调试程序方法
g_houtput=GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
g_hinstance=hInstance;
// TODO: Place code here.
//SysReg();
//AppReg();
if(Register("main",WinProc)==0)
{
MessageBox(NULL,"注册失败","提示",MB_OK);
return 0;
}
HWND hwnd= CreateMain("main","pro1");
//HWND hchild=CreateChild(hwnd,"child1","child1");//创建子窗口
//HWND hchild2=CreateChild(hwnd,"child2","child2");
Display(hwnd);
//MoveWindow(hchild,300,200,200,200,TRUE);
//MoveWindow(hchild2,500,200,200,200,TRUE);
//SetExtra(hwnd);
//GetExtra(hwnd);
MSGdeal();
return 0;
}//编译运行，会出来一个窗口程序，但内容是空白的。